There are over a dozen subspecies, each with their own name. The scientific name for the genus of giant tortoises is Chelonoidis. What is a giant tortoise’s scientific name? Ongoing threats like poaching, habitat loss, and invasive species also continue to put pressure on these animals. Centuries of exploitation by humans caused populations to plummet from over 250,000 to just 15,000 today. Sadly, though, almost all subspecies of Galápagos giant tortoise are endangered. The tortoise’s large size and long lifespan make it a keystone species-meaning their ecosystem depends on them to function effectively. As herbivores, they disperse seeds and keep vegetation in check, while their nesting habits create pathways, wallows, and nest sites used by other animals. Protecting giant tortoises is essential to preserve the unique biodiversity of the Galápagos, as they play a primary role in the islands’ ecosystems. The oldest Galápagos tortoise on record was thought to be 175 years old.

They also have a very slow metabolism, which allows them to survive over a year without food or water and live very long lives. These gentle giants can grow over 1.3 meters long (4.2 feet) from head to tail and weigh a hefty 300 kilograms (over 660 pounds). Galápagos giant tortoises are the largest living species of tortoise in the world. For example, saddleback tortoises have flared front shells that let them reach tall cacti in dry coastal areas, while domed tortoises live in misty highland forests and have more rounded exteriors. In that time, these tortoises have evolved into over a dozen distinct subspecies suited to the different environments on each island.

Galápagos giant tortoises are ancient reptiles that have inhabited the Galápagos Islands for over two million years.

Pinta tortoise giant